This is a unique class of electric machine called high frequency transformer. It mainly works to transform the low voltage and high current into high voltage and low current. If you imagine it like this, it is more like a device that brings energy to one place from another. It works via something known as electromagnetic induction, which is the phenomenon that enables energy to move from one circuit to another without making contact. High-frequency transformers operate at very high speeds in the range of 20 kHz to 1 MHz. Much faster than traditional transformers, which in general work at a very slower pace of 50 or 60 Hz.
One more big advantage is that high-frequency transformers are more energy-efficient. They run at higher frequencies therefore they require fewer coils which helps save up space and weight. Great, they generate much less heat in the process of work. This is a big deal, because less waste heat means that they consume less energy and can operate for longer periods without succumbing to failure. Thus, these high-frequency transformers can be used especially in switch-mode power supplies, which are widely used in all types of electronic devices such as computers, mobile phones, televisions, etc.
Another consideration is the number of coils, which are the loops of wire inside the transformer. The number of coils determines the extent to which the voltage increases. In fact, as frequency increases, the number of coils needed decreases. The reason is that operating at a higher frequency means it can use fewer coils and yet do its job fairly well.
High-frequency transformers are used among a plethora of applications across a variety of industries. They, for instance, are used frequently among customers in the power electronics area as a component in switch-mode power supplies. Those are critical parts found in electronic devices, from computers and televisions to many other electronic devices we use every day.
Moreover, high-frequency transformers are used in devices known as inverters. Inverters hold primary significance, as they convert direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) that is the type of electricity that we use at home. Conversely, rectifiers perform the reverse process by converting alternating current into direct current.
High-frequency transformers are essential in aerospace systems, such as communication systems and radar systems, since they allow pilots and air traffic controllers to exchange data and improve safety during flights. They are also widely used in medical instruments, including X-ray machines, CT scanners and MRI machines, which enable doctors to look inside us and diagnose disease.
The high-frequency transformers will continue to develop as technology is advancing faster and faster. Generally, tunable transformers will be in high demand in smaller and more efficient architectures. The rise of portable and wearable electronic devices, such as smartwatches and fitness trackers, will drive this need, as these devices require high-frequency transformers for seamless operation.
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